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Malabsorptive weight loss procedures
Malabsorptive weight loss procedures cause
the food that is ingested to be poorly digested. The food is then eliminated
through the stool, and fewer calories are retained in the body. And
consequently, fewer vitamins and nutrients are retained as well. When a
patient has a malabsorption weight loss procedure performed on them, they
have to be monitored throughout their life for anemia, malnutrition, and
bone loss, due to the decrease in absorption of nutrients.
Malabsorptive Surgery involves shortening the length of the digestive track
to reduce the amount of food that the body can absorb. In a malabsorptive
procedure, the small intestine is altered in order to divert bile and
pancreatic juices, so that digestion begins sooner. The absorption of
calories and nutrients is thus greatly lowered.
Biliopancreatic Diversion
In this procedure, the surgeon removes 75%
of the stomach. This lowers food intake drastically, as well as acid
production. The small intestine is divided, with one end attached to the new
stomach pouch. All food moves through here. Bile and pancreatic juices move
through the other segment, connected to the intestine at the end. The
digestive liquids are supplied at a common section.
These procedures require the patient to adjust to the bowel movements, as
they will be more frequent and more liquid in consistency. This might
diminish over time, but can last for the rest of the patient’s life.
Abdominal gas and bloating will also likely occur, and the risk of gallstone
formation is greatly increased.
Extended Roux-en-Y Bypass
The surgeon creates a small gastric pouch,
leaving the rest of the stomach intact. A long section of small intestine is
attached to the stomach in order to redirect bile and pancreatic liquids.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch
In this procedure, stomach removal is restricted to the outer area, leaving
a larger stomach. The duodenum (portion of the small intestine) is divided,
and thus bile drainage is bypassed. After this procedure, patients are able
to eat larger meals. This procedure provides the highest level of
malabsorption, and therefore the greatest weight loss can be achieved.
As with any other types of weight loss surgery, there are risks and
complications involved. These can include bleeding, reactions to anesthesia
or post-operative medications, infections, blood clots, and ulcers. That is
why it is vital to learn everything about these procedures, and be
completely educated before making a final decision.
Though weight loss surgery can help the severely obese finally
shed excess
weight, it is not a cure-all. In order for the procedure to be successful,
the patient must alter his or her food habits, begin exercising regularly,
and follow any instruction given to him or her by the doctor.
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